Direct and Semi-Direct Approaches to Lepton Mixing with a Massless Neutrino

TL;DR

This paper explores models of lepton mixing with a massless neutrino, proposing a semi-direct approach based on a specific discrete symmetry group that predicts unique mixing angle and CP phase relations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel semi-direct model using the group Q(648) that predicts a massless neutrino and specific mixing angle and CP phase sum rules.

Findings

Predicts a normal hierarchy with the first neutrino mass being zero.

Provides sum rules linking mixing angles and CP phase.

Identifies a viable symmetry group for lepton mixing models.

Abstract

We discuss the possibility of enforcing a massless Majorana neutrino in the direct and semi-direct approaches to lepton mixing, in which the PMNS matrix is partly predicted by subgroups of a discrete family symmetry, extending previous group searches up to order 1535. We find a phenomenologically viable scheme for the semi-direct approach based on $Q(648)$ which contains $\Delta(27)$ and the quaternion group as subgroups. This leads to novel predictions for the first column of the PMNS matrix corresponding to a normal neutrino mass hierarchy with $m_1=0$, and sum rules for the mixing angles and phase which are characterised by the solar angle being on the low side $\theta_{12}\sim 31^{\circ}$ and the Dirac (oscillation) CP phase $\delta$ being either about $\pm 45^\circ$ or $\pm \pi$.