A Sensing Contribution-based Two-layer Game for Channel Selection and Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a two-layer game model for cooperative spectrum sensing and access in cognitive radio networks, improving fairness, efficiency, and robustness in heterogeneous multichannel scenarios.

Contribution

It develops a novel two-layer coalitional game that aligns SUs' transmission opportunities with their sensing contributions, enhancing cooperation and eliminating free-riders.

Findings

Outperforms existing approaches in energy efficiency and throughput.

Demonstrates robustness to network topology changes.

Provides a fair physical-layer distribution of miss-detection constraints.

Abstract

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, the secondary users (SUs) sense the spectrum licensed to the primary users (PUs) to identify and possibly transmit over temporarily unoccupied channels. Cooperative sensing was proposed to improve the sensing accuracy, but in heterogeneous scenarios SUs do not contribute equally to the cooperative sensing result because they experience different received PU signal quality at their sensors. In this paper, a two-layer coalitional game is developed for distributed sensing and access in multichannel CR ad hoc networks where the SUs' transmission opportunities are commensurate with their sensing contributions, thus fostering cooperation and eliminating free-riders. Numerical results show that the proposed two-layer game is computationally efficient and outperforms previously investigated collaborative sensing and spectrum access approaches for heterogeneous multichannel CR networks in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, SU fairness, and complexity. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this game is robust to changes in the network topology and the number of SUs in low-mobility scenarios. Finally, we propose a new physical-layer approach to distributing the network-level miss-detection (MD) constraints fairly among the interfering SUs for guaranteed PU protection and demonstrate the performance advantages of the AND-rule combining of spectrum sensing results for heterogeneous SUs.