Pair Fireball Precursors of Neutron Star Mergers

TL;DR

This paper models electromagnetic precursors to neutron star mergers, predicting gamma-ray fireball emissions detectable only within a limited distance, and suggests possible non-thermal signals like radio bursts from reconnection events.

Contribution

It introduces a steady-state pair wind model to quantify gamma-ray precursor detectability and explores non-thermal emissions from Poynting flux reconnection outside the pair photosphere.

Findings

Gamma-ray detection horizon is ~10 Mpc for typical magnetic fields.

Weaker magnetic fields could produce nearby short gamma-ray bursts.

Reconnection outside the pair photosphere may generate millisecond radio bursts.

Abstract

If at least one neutron star (NS) is magnetized in a binary NS merger, then the orbital motion of the conducting companion during the final inspiral induces a strong voltage and current along the magnetic field lines connecting the NSs. If a modest fraction, eta, of the extracted electromagnetic power extracted accelerates relativistic particles, the resulting gamma-ray emission a compact volume will result in the formation of an electron-positron pair fireball. Applying a steady-state pair wind model, we quantify the detectability of the precursor fireball with gamma-ray satellites. For eta ~ 1 the gamma-ray detection horizon of D_max ~ 10(Bd/1e14 G)^{3/4} Mpc is much closer than the Advanced LIGO/Virgo horizon of 200 Mpc, unless the NS surface magnetic field strength is very large, Bd > 1e15 G. Given the quasi-isotropic nature of the emission, mergers with weaker NS fields could contribute a nearby population of short gamma-ray bursts. Power not dissipated close to the binary is carried to infinity along the open field lines by a large scale Poynting flux. Reconnection within this outflow, well outside of the pair photosphere, provides a potential site for non-thermal emission, such as a coherent millisecond radio burst.