Flipped versions of the universal 3-3-1 and the left-right symmetric models in $[SU(3)]^3$: a comprehensive approach

TL;DR

This paper explores alternative flipped versions of the 3-3-1 and left-right symmetric models within the $[SU(3)]^3$ gauge group, analyzing their gauge bosons, couplings, and experimental constraints from LHC and electroweak data.

Contribution

It introduces new flipped variants of these models, analyzes their gauge boson properties, and derives experimental limits on their parameters.

Findings

Two flipped versions of the 3-3-1 model with identical weak charges.

A new flipped version of the left-right symmetric model requiring dedicated electroweak analysis.

Constraints from LHC and EW data suggest $Z'$ masses above 2.5 TeV and mixing angles below 10^{-3} radians.

Abstract

By considering the 3-3-1 and the left-right symmetric models as low energy effective theories of the $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes SU(3)_R$~(for short $[SU(3)]^3$) gauge group, alternative versions of these models are found. The new neutral gauge bosons of the universal 3-3-1 model and its flipped versions are presented; also, the left-right symmetric model and its flipped variants are studied. Our analysis shows that there are two flipped versions of the universal 3-3-1 model, with the particularity that both of them have the same weak charges. For the left-right symmetric model we also found two flipped versions; one of them new in the literature which, unlike those of the 3-3-1, requires a dedicated study of its electroweak properties. For all the models analyzed, the couplings of the $Z'$ bosons to the standard model fermions are reported. The explicit form of the null space of the vector boson mass matrix for an arbitrary Higgs tensor and gauge group is also presented. In the general framework of the $[SU(3)]^3$ gauge group, and by using the LHC experimental results and EW precision data, limits on the $Z'$ mass and the mixing angle between $Z$ and the new gauge bosons $Z'$ are obtained. The general results call for very small mixing angles in the range $10^{-3}$ radians and $M_{Z'}>$ 2.5 TeV.