Discovery of $\gamma$-ray emission from the radio-intermediate quasar III Zw 2: violent jet activity with intraday $\gamma$-ray variability

TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of gamma-ray emission from the radio-intermediate quasar III Zw 2, revealing violent intraday variability and blazar-like behavior, which suggests a blazar-like central engine and recurrent activity.

Contribution

It provides the first evidence of gamma-ray flares and intraday variability in III Zw 2, linking its behavior to blazar models and offering insights into jet activity in radio-intermediate quasars.

Findings

Detected two gamma-ray flares with isotropic luminosities of ~10^45 erg/s.

Observed intraday gamma-ray variability with a doubling time of 2.5 hours.

Blazar-like spectral energy distribution can be modeled for III Zw 2.

Abstract

III Zw 2 is the prototype of radio-intermediate quasars. Although there is the evidence of possessing strong jet, significant $\gamma$-ray emission has not been reported before. In this work, we carry out a detailed analysis of the latest {\it Fermi}-LAT {\it Pass} 8 data. No significant $\gamma$-ray signal has been detected in the time-averaged 7-year {\it Fermi}-LAT data of III Zw 2, we however have identified two distinct $\gamma$-ray flares with isotropic luminosities of $\sim 10^{45}$ erg $\rm s^{-1}$. Multiwavelength data analysis (including also the optical photometric observations from Yunnan Observatories) are presented and the main finding is the simultaneous optical and $\gamma$-ray flares of III Zw 2 appearing in Nov. 2009. Violent $\gamma$-ray variability with doubling timescale of 2.5 hours was detected in another $\gamma$-ray flare in May 2010, for which the 3-hour $\gamma$-ray peak flux is $\sim 250$ times of the average flux in 7 years. Rather similar behaviors are observed in blazars and the blazar model can reasonably reproduce the spectral energy distribution of III Zw 2 in a wide energy range, strongly suggesting that its central engine resembles that of blazars. In view of its core which shares radio similarities with young radio sources together with the weak extended radio lobe emission, we suggest that III Zw 2 harbors a recurrent activity core and serves as a valuable target for investigating the fuelling and triggering of the activity in radio loud AGNs.