Entropy production by active particles: Coupling of odd and even functions of velocity

TL;DR

This paper derives a comprehensive expression for entropy production in active Brownian systems with velocity-dependent forces, incorporating both even and odd velocity functions, and verifies it through numerical simulations and fluctuation theorems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel derivation of entropy production accounting for coupled even and odd velocity functions in active particles, validated by fluctuation theorem consistency.

Findings

Derived a general formula for entropy production in active systems with velocity-dependent forces.

Confirmed the fluctuation theorem through numerical simulations of entropy distribution.

Showed good agreement between theoretical predictions and simulation results.

Abstract

Non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of several active Brownian systems are modeled in terms of non-linear velocity dependent force. In general, this force may consist of both even and odd functions of velocity. We derive the expression for total entropy production in such systems using the Fokker-Planck equation. The result is consistent with the expression for stochastic entropy production in the reservoir, that we obtain from probabilities of time-forward and time-reversed trajectories, leading to fluctuation theorems. Numerical simulation is used to find probability distribution of entropy production, which shows good agreement with the detailed fluctuation theorem.