Compact Q-balls

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new class of stable, compact Q-ball solutions in two-dimensional models with a complex scalar field, providing analytical solutions and stability analysis.

Contribution

It presents the first analytical compact Q-ball solutions in 2D models with a complex scalar field, controlled by two parameters for stability.

Findings

Stable Q-balls exist in a compact interval of the real line.

Parameters can be tuned for classical and quantum stability.

Analytical solutions for the Q-balls are derived.

Abstract

In this work we deal with non-topological solutions of the Q-ball type in two space-time dimensions, in models described by a single complex scalar field that engenders global symmetry. The main novelty is the presence of stable Q-balls solutions that live in a compact interval of the real line and appear from a family of models controlled by two distinct parameters. We find analytical solutions and study their charge and energy, and show how to control the parameters to make the Q-balls classically and quantum mechanically stable.