Collective spin excitations in bi-component magnonic crystals consisting of bi-layer Permalloy/Fe nanowires

TL;DR

This study investigates collective spin wave excitations in bi-layer Permalloy/Fe nanowire arrays, demonstrating tunable magnonic band structures through material composition, nanostructuring, and external magnetic fields, with experimental and numerical analysis.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel experimental and numerical approach to analyze spin wave dispersion in bi-layer nanowire arrays with different cross sections, revealing tunable magnonic properties.

Findings

Dispersive fundamental modes observed in both rectangular and L-shaped nanowires.

Magnonic band width and center frequency can be tuned by external magnetic fields.

A second higher-frequency dispersive mode identified in L-shaped nanowires.

Abstract

In the developing field of magnonics,it is very important to achieve tailoring of spin wave propagation by both a proper combination of materials with different magnetic properties and their nanostructuring on the submicrometric scale. We have exploited deep ultra-violet lithography, in combination with tilted shadow deposition technique, to fabricate arrays of closely spaced bi-layer nanowires (NWs), with separation d=100 nm and periodicity a=440 nm, having bottom and top layers made of Permalloy and Iron, respectively. The NWs have either rectangular cross section (bottom and upper layers of equal width) or L-shaped cross section (upper layer of half width). The frequency dispersion of collective spin wave excitations in the above bi-layered NWs arrays has been measured by the Brillouin light scattering technique while sweeping the wave vector perpendicularly to the wire length over three Brillouin zones of the reciprocal space. For the rectangular NWs, the lowest frequency fundamental mode, characterized by a quasi- uniform profile of the amplitude of the dynamic magnetization across the NW width, exhibits a sizeable and periodic frequency dispersion. A similar dispersive mode is also present in L-shaped NWs, but the mode amplitude is concentrated in the thin side of the NWs. The width and the center frequency of the magnonic band associated with the above fundamental modes has been analyzed, showing that both can be tuned by varying the external applied field. Moreover, for the L-shaped NWs it is shown that there is also a second dispersive mode,at higher frequency,characterized by an amplitude concentrated in the thick side of the NW. These experimental results have been quantitatively reproduced by an original numerical model that includes two-dimensional Green's function of the dipole field of the dynamic magnetization and interlayer exchange coupling between the layers.