Unconventional superconductivity in low density electron systems and conventional superconductivity in hydrogen metallic alloys under pressure

TL;DR

This paper reviews various mechanisms of superconductivity, emphasizing unconventional low-density electron systems and conventional electron-phonon interactions in hydrogen alloys under pressure, highlighting recent theoretical advances and their implications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of both unconventional and conventional superconductivity mechanisms, including recent models and their relevance to high-temperature superconductors and hydrogen alloys.

Findings

Unconventional superconductivity arises from repulsive interactions in low-density systems.

High-temperature superconductivity in cuprates involves the t-J model with competing interactions.

Superconductivity in hydrogen alloys under pressure may be explained by electron-phonon mechanisms.

Abstract

In a short review-article we first discuss the results, which are mainly devoted to the generalizations of the famous Kohn-Luttinger mechanism of superconductivity in purely repulsive fermion systems at low electron densities. In the context of repulsive-U Hubbard model and Shubin-Vonsovsky model we consider briefly the superconducting phase diagrams and the symmetries of the order parameter in novel strongly correlated electron systems including idealized monolayer and bilayer graphene. We stress that purely repulsive fermion systems are mainly the subject of unconventional low-temperature superconductivity. To get the high temperature superconductivity in cuprates (with T_C of the order of 100 K) we should proceed to the t-J model with the Van der Waals interaction potential and the competition between short-range repulsion and long-range attraction. Finally we stress that to describe superconductivity in metallic hydrogen alloys under pressure (with T_C of the order of 200 K) it is reasonable to reexamine more conventional mechanisms connected with electron-phonon interaction. These mechanisms arise in the attractive-U Hubbard model with static onsite or intersite attractive potential or in more realistic theories (which include retardation effects) such as Migdal-Eliashberg strong coupling theory or even Fermi-Bose mixture theory of Ranninger et al., and its generalizations.