Formation, Orbital and Internal Evolutions of Young Planetary Systems

TL;DR

This review synthesizes classical and new theories on the formation, orbital dynamics, and internal evolution of young planetary systems, emphasizing the protoplanetary disk's critical role and recent advances in core accretion and planet-disk interactions.

Contribution

It integrates traditional and recent models of planet formation and evolution, highlighting the significance of disk interactions and internal planetary processes.

Findings

Pebble accretion as an alternative to planetesimal growth

Advances in understanding planet-disk interactions

Insights into planetary internal evolution effects

Abstract

The growing body of observational data on extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks has stimulated intense research on planet formation and evolution in the past few years. The extremely diverse, sometimes unexpected physical and orbital characteristics of exoplanets lead to frequent updates on the mainstream scenarios for planet formation and evolution, but also to the exploration of alternative avenues. The aim of this review is to bring together classical pictures and new ideas on the formation, orbital and internal evolutions of planets, highlighting the key role of the protoplanetary disk in the various parts of the theory. We begin by briefly reviewing the conventional mechanism of core accretion by the growth of planetesimals, and discuss a relatively recent model of core growth through the accretion of pebbles. We review the basic physics of planet-disk interactions, recent progress in this area, and discuss their role in observed planetary systems. We address the most important effects of planets internal evolution, like cooling and contraction, the mass-luminosity relation, and the bulk composition expressed in the mass-radius and mass-mean density relations.