Small Entangled Quantum Worlds with a Simple Structure

TL;DR

This paper introduces the concept of small quantum worlds (SQWs), focusing on two-qubit systems with permutation symmetries, which simplify state structures and enable specific entangled states useful for quantum information tasks.

Contribution

It develops a detailed framework for SQWs with permutation symmetry, highlighting their simplified state structure and potential for generating useful entangled states.

Findings

Simplified structure of pure states in symmetric SQWs

Existence of specific irreducible entangled states

Potential applications in quantum information processing

Abstract

We introduce the notion of a small quantum world (SQW) , which in our opinion, is very helpful in the situations when an experimenter's tools for preparing quantum states and (or) for measuring the observables of a quantum system under study are restricted due to some kind of reasons. In this case it is advisable to use as original an appropriate subspace of complete Hilbert space of states and respectively to utilize observables acting only in this subspace. If this subspace possesses some additional symmetries, the structure of a pure states set, as a rule, is simpler by far than in general case. Moreover in such SQWs some specific irreducible entangled states may appear. The similar states could be very helpful in various tasks connected with quantum informational applications. In the present paper main ideas outlined above are developed in detail in the simple and instructive case of a two-qubit system in which the accessible space of states possesses the additional symmetry structure of permutation group of three elements.