The rings of Chariklo under close encounters with the giant planets

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to assess the stability of Chariklo's rings during close encounters with giant planets, finding that most rings remain stable despite frequent perturbations, suggesting such rings could be common.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed analysis of the stability of rings around a Centaur during close planetary encounters using extensive numerical simulations.

Findings

Over 90% of Chariklo-like systems retain their rings after close encounters.

Approximately 3% of clones lose their rings due to extreme encounters.

Close encounters often do not significantly disturb the rings, indicating potential commonality.

Abstract

The Centaur population is composed by minor bodies wandering between the giant planets and that frequently perform close gravitational encounters with these planets, which leads to a chaotic orbital evolution. Recently, the discovery of two well-defined narrow rings was announced around the Centaur 10199 Chariklo. The rings are assumed to be in the equatorial plane of Chariklo and to have circular orbits. The existence a well-defined system of rings around a body in such perturbed orbital region poses an interesting new problem. Are the rings of Chariklo stable when perturbed by close gravitational encounters with the giant planets? Our approach to address this question consisted of forward and backward numerical simulations of 729 clones of Chariklo, with similar initial orbits, for a period of 100 Myrs. We found, on average, that each clone suffers along its lifetime more than 150 close encounters with the giant planets within one Hill radius of the planet in question. We identified some extreme close encounters able to significantly disrupt or to disturb the rings of Chariklo. About 3% of the clones lose the rings and about 4% of the clones have the ring significantly disturbed. Therefore, our results show that in most of the cases (more than 90%) the close encounters with the giant planets do not affect the stability of the rings in Chariklo-like systems. Thus, if there is an efficient mechanism that creates the rings, then these structures may be common among these kinds of Centaurs.