Quantum dynamics of ultracold Bose polarons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex quantum dynamics of Bose polarons near a Feshbach resonance, revealing sharp spectral features from metastable states and the importance of beyond-Fröhlich models for accurate descriptions.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis combining multiple theoretical approaches to capture many-body and few-body effects in Bose polarons near resonance.

Findings

Sharp spectral features from metastable bound states

Broad, incoherent spectra near resonance due to strong fluctuations

Necessity of beyond-Fröhlich models for accurate predictions

Abstract

We analyze the dynamics of Bose polarons in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance between the impurity and host atoms. We compute the radio-frequency absorption spectra for the case when the initial state of the impurity is non-interacting and the final state is strongly interacting. We compare results of different theoretical approaches including a single excitation expansion, a self-consistent T-matrix method, and a time-dependent coherent state approach. Our analysis reveals sharp spectral features arising from metastable states with several Bogoliubov excitations bound to the impurity atom. This surprising result of the interplay of many-body and few-body Efimov type bound state physics can only be obtained by going beyond the commonly used Fr\"ohlich model and including quasiparticle scattering processes. Close to the resonance we find that strong fluctuations lead to a broad, incoherent absorption spectrum where no quasi-particle peak can be assigned.