Feasibility studies for a wireless 60 GHz tracking detector readout

TL;DR

This study explores the integration of 60 GHz wireless technology into silicon tracking detectors to achieve high data rates with reduced material, demonstrating feasibility and potential for future high-energy physics experiments.

Contribution

The paper presents the first feasibility analysis of using 60 GHz wireless links in silicon tracking detectors, including measurements, link density estimates, and sensor performance under mm-wave irradiation.

Findings

Wireless links can be placed as close as 2 cm apart with proper measures.

A data rate density of up to 11 Tb/(s·m²) is achievable.

Sensor performance remains unaffected under mm-wave irradiation.

Abstract

The amount of data produced by highly granular silicon tracking detectors in high energy physics experiments poses a major challenge to readout systems. At high collision rates, e.g. at LHC experiments, only a small fraction of data can be read out with currently used technologies. To cope with the requirements of future or upgraded experiments new data transfer techniques are required which offer high data rates at low power and low material budget. Wireless technologies operating in the 60 GHz band or at higher frequencies offer high data rates and are thus a promising upcoming alternative to conventional data transmission via electrical cables or optical fibers. Using wireless technology, the amount of cables and connectors in detectors can be significantly reduced. Tracking detectors profit most from a reduced material budget as fewer secondary particle interactions (multiple Coulomb scattering, energy loss, etc.) improve the tracking performance in general. We present feasibility studies regarding the integration of the wireless technology at 60 GHz into a silicon tracking detector. Spare silicon strip modules of the ATLAS experiment are measured to be opaque in the 60 GHz range. The reduction of cross talk between links is studied. An estimate of the maximum achievable link density is given. It is shown that wireless links can be placed as close as 2 cm next to each other for a layer distance of 10 cm by exploiting one or several of the following measures: highly directive antennas, absorbers, linear polarization and frequency channeling. Combining these measures, a data rate area density of up to 11 Tb/(s $\cdot$ m$^2$) seems feasible. In addition, two types of silicon sensors are tested under mm-wave irradiation . No deterioration of the performance of both prototypes is observed.