Evidence for creation of strong electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to detect strong electric fields generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by analyzing hadron distributions, supported by detailed model calculations for Cu-Au interactions at specific energies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to identify electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions through hadron distribution analysis and provides detailed model calculations at NICA energies.

Findings

Separation effect observable at 9 GeV and 200 GeV

Directed flow calculations support electric field presence

Method applicable to asymmetric nucleus collisions

Abstract

It is proposed to identify a strong electric field created during relativistic collisions of asymmetric nuclei via observation of pseudorapidity and transverse momentum distributions of hadrons with the same mass but opposite charges. The detailed calculation results for the directed flow within the Parton-Hadron String Dynamics model are given for Cu-Au interactions at the NICA collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=9$ and $5$ GeV. The separation effect is observable at 9 GeV as clearly as at 200 GeV