Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) III: A short-period planet orbiting a pre-main-sequence star in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
Andrew W. Mann, Elisabeth R. Newton, Aaron C. Rizzuto, Jonathan Irwin,, Gregory A. Feiden, Eric Gaidos, Gregory N. Mace, Adam L. Kraus, David J., James, Megan Ansdell, David Charbonneau, Kevin R. Covey, Michael J. Ireland,, Daniel T. Jaffe, Marshall C. Johnson, Benjamin Kidder

TL;DR
This study confirms and characterizes a super-Neptune exoplanet orbiting a young, pre-main-sequence star in Upper Scorpius, providing insights into early planet formation and migration mechanisms.
Contribution
First detailed characterization of a close-in planet around a 11-million-year-old pre-main-sequence star, demonstrating in situ formation or early migration within 10 million years.
Findings
The planet has a 5.425-day orbit and is super-Neptune sized.
The host star's properties are precisely determined, confirming its youth and membership in Upper Scorpius.
Transit signals are confirmed planetary in origin, not due to stellar variability or background objects.
Abstract
We confirm and characterize a close-in ( = 5.425 days), super-Neptune sized ( Earth radii) planet transiting K2-33 (2MASS J16101473-1919095), a late-type (M3) pre-main sequence (11 Myr-old) star in the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association. The host star has the kinematics of a member of the Upper Scorpius OB association, and its spectrum contains lithium absorption, an unambiguous sign of youth (<20 Myr) in late-type dwarfs. We combine photometry from K2 and the ground-based MEarth project to refine the planet's properties and constrain the host star's density. We determine \name's bolometric flux and effective temperature from moderate resolution spectra. By utilizing isochrones that include the effects of magnetic fields, we derive a precise radius (6-7%) and mass (16%) for the host star, and a stellar age consistent with…
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