Grand Projection State: A Single Microscopic State to Determine Free Energy

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel microscopic state, called the Grand Projection State, that can determine both composition and Helmholtz free energy in binary systems, extending previous methods to composition-unfixed systems.

Contribution

The study develops a new approach that identifies a single microscopic state capable of describing free energy and composition in systems with variable composition.

Findings

Discovered a single microscopic state for free energy in binary systems.

Extended previous fixed-composition methods to composition-unfixed systems.

Provides a new microscopic perspective on thermodynamic properties.

Abstract

Recently, we clarify connection of spatial constraint and equilibrium macroscopic properties in disordered states of classical system under the fixed composition; namely few special microscopic states, independent of constituent elements, can describe macroscopic properties. In this study, we extend our developed approach to composition-unfixed system. Through this extension in binary system, we discover a single special microscopic state to determine not only composition but also Helmholtz free energy measured from unary system, which has not been described by a single state.