Nine years of multi-frequency monitoring of the blazar PKS 0048-097: spectral and temporal variability

TL;DR

This study presents a comprehensive nine-year multi-frequency analysis of the blazar PKS 0048-097, revealing significant variability across the spectrum, especially in X-rays, with limited inter-wavelength correlations.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed long-term multi-wavelength variability analysis of PKS 0048-097 across multiple frequencies.

Findings

Strong variability observed in all wavelengths, especially in X-ray.

No significant correlation between different wavelengths, except between V and R optical bands.

Long-term data enhances understanding of blazar spectral and temporal behavior.

Abstract

Blazars are highly variable, radio-loud active galactic nuclei with jets oriented at a small angle to the line of sight. The observed emission of these sources covers the whole electromagnetic spectrum from radio frequencies up to the high or even very high energy gamma-ray range. To understand the complex physics of these objects, multi-wavelength observations and studies on the variability and correlations between different wavelengths are therefore essential. The long-term multi-frequency observations of PKS 0048-097 are analysed here to investigate its spectral and temporal features. The studies includes nine years of observations of the blazar, which is well studied in the optical and radio domain, but not in the other frequencies. Multi-wavelength data collected with OVRO, KAIT, Catalina, Swift/UVOT, Swift/XRT and Fermi/LAT were studied. The performed analysis revealed strong variability in all wavelengths that is most clearly manifested in the X-ray range. The correlation studies do not exhibit any relation between different wavelengths, except for the very strong positive correlation between the optical emission in V and R bands.