Signatures of topological Josephson junctions

TL;DR

This paper proposes robust experimental signatures for topological superconductivity in Josephson junctions, using switching current measurements and pump-probe experiments, which remain effective despite quasiparticle poisoning and other complicating factors.

Contribution

It introduces accessible measurement techniques, including switching current and microwave excitations, to identify topological superconductivity even with quasiparticle poisoning.

Findings

Switching current measurements reveal phase-dependent subgap spectra.

Pump-probe experiments can determine quasiparticle poisoning rates.

Signatures are robust against Zeeman fields and spin-orbit coupling.

Abstract

Quasiparticle poisoning and diabatic transitions may significantly narrow the window for the experimental observation of the $4\pi$-periodic $dc$ Josephson effect predicted for topological Josephson junctions. Here, we show that switching current measurements provide accessible and robust signatures for topological superconductivity which persist in the presence of quasiparticle poisoning processes. Such measurements provide access to the phase-dependent subgap spectrum and Josephson currents of the topological junction when incorporating it into an asymmetric SQUID together with a conventional Josephson junction with large critical current. We also argue that pump-probe experiments with multiple current pulses can be used to measure the quasiparticle poisoning rates of the topological junction. The proposed signatures are particularly robust, even in the presence of Zeeman fields and spin-orbit coupling, when focusing on short Josephson junctions. Finally, we also consider microwave excitations of short topological Josephson junctions which may complement switching current measurements.