Tidal wave in $^{102}$Pd: An extended five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian description

TL;DR

This paper uses an extended five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on covariant density functional theory to successfully model the tidal wave mode in $^{102}$Pd, reproducing energy spectra and shape evolution microscopically.

Contribution

It introduces an empirical $ab$ formula for moments of inertia into the collective Hamiltonian to accurately describe the tidal wave mode in $^{102}$Pd.

Findings

Energy spectra are well reproduced.

Shape evolution is microscopically determined.

The $ab$ formula relates to collective momentum effects.

Abstract

The five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on the covariant density functional theory is applied to investigate the observed tidal wave mode in the yrast band of $^{102}$Pd. The energy spectra, the relations between the spin and the rotational frequency, and the ratios of $B(E2)/\mathcal{J}(I)$ in the yrast band are well reproduced by introducing the empirical $ab$ formula for the moments of inertia. This $ab$ formula is related to the fourth order effect of collective momentum in the collective Hamiltonian. It is also shown that the shape evolution in the tidal wave is determined microscopically by the competition between the rotational kinetic energy and the collective potential in the framework of the collective Hamiltonian.