Non radial type II blow up for the energy supercritical semilinear heat equation

TL;DR

This paper constructs non-radial solutions to a supercritical semilinear heat equation that blow up in finite time with a specific type II rate, extending previous radial-only results using advanced nonlinear analysis techniques.

Contribution

It introduces the first non-radial solutions exhibiting type II blow-up in the supercritical regime for the semilinear heat equation, employing energy and modulation methods.

Findings

Existence of countably many non-radial blow-up solutions.

Solutions concentrate the ground state profile near blow-up.

Blow-up speeds exceed the standard rate, indicating type II behavior.

Abstract

We consider the semilinear heat equation in large dimension $d\geq 11$ $$ \partial_t u =\Delta u+|u| ^{p-1}u, \ \ p=2q+1, \ \ q\in \mathbb N $$ on a smooth bounded domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^d$ with Dirichlet boundary condition. In the supercritical range $p\geq p(d)>1+\frac{4}{d-2}$ we prove the existence of a countable family $(u_\ell)_{\ell \in \mathbb N}$ of solutions blowing-up at time $T>0$ with type II blow up: $$ \parallel u_{\ell}(t) \parallel_{L^{\infty}} \sim C (T-t)^{-c_\ell} $$ with blow-up speed $c_\ell>\frac{1}{p-1}$. They concentrate the ground state $Q$ being the only radially and decaying solution of $\Delta Q+Q^p=0$: $$ u(x,t)\sim \frac{1}{\lambda (t)^{\frac{2}{p-1}}}Q\left(\frac{x-x_0}{\lambda (t)} \right), \ \lambda\sim C(u_n)(T-t)^{\frac{c_\ell(p-1)}{2}} $$ at some point $x_0\in \Omega$. The result generalizes previous works on the existence of type II blow-up solutions, which only existed in the radial setting. The present proof uses robust nonlinear analysis tools instead, based on energy methods and modulation techniques. This is the first non-radial construction of a solution blowing up by concentration of a stationary state in the supercritical regime, and provides a general strategy to prove similar results for dispersive equations or parabolic systems and to extend it to multiple blow ups.