A kilobyte rewritable atomic memory

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a scalable, high-density atomic memory using surface vacancies on copper, capable of storing 8,000 bits with stability up to 77 K, surpassing traditional hard drives in density.

Contribution

The authors present a novel atomic-scale memory architecture with automatic read/write capabilities and unprecedented areal density, advancing atomic memory technology.

Findings

Memory capacity of 8,000 bits (1 kilobyte)

Areal density of 502 Terabits per square inch

Vacancies stable up to 77 K

Abstract

The advent of devices based on single dopants, such as the single atom transistor, the single spin magnetometer and the single atom memory, motivates the quest for strategies that permit to control matter with atomic precision. Manipulation of individual atoms by means of low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy provides ways to store data in atoms, encoded either into their charge state, magnetization state or lattice position. A defining challenge at this stage is the controlled integration of these individual functional atoms into extended, scalable atomic circuits. Here we present a robust digital atomic scale memory of up to 1 kilobyte (8,000 bits) using an array of individual surface vacancies in a chlorine terminated Cu(100) surface. The memory can be read and rewritten automatically by means of atomic scale markers, and offers an areal density of 502 Terabits per square inch, outperforming state-of-the-art hard disk drives by three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the chlorine vacancies are found to be stable at temperatures up to 77 K, offering prospects for expanding large-scale atomic assembly towards ambient conditions.