Heterotic Non-Abelian String of a Finite Length

TL;DR

This paper investigates the phase structure of non-Abelian strings in supersymmetric QCD with finite length, revealing multiple phases with different symmetry properties and supersymmetry breaking behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the phase diagram of non-Abelian strings at finite length, including the effects of supersymmetry deformation and boundary conditions, using large-N approximation.

Findings

Identifies phases with broken and unbroken Z_{2N} symmetry.

Discovers phases with mass gap and massless fermions.

Shows spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in certain phases.

Abstract

We consider non-Abelian strings in N=2 supersymmetric QCD with the U$(N)$ gauge group and $N_f=N$ quark flavors deformed by a mass term for the adjoint matter. This deformation breaks N=2 supersymmetry down to N=1. Dynamics of orientational zero modes on the string world sheet are described then by CP$(N-1)$ model with N=(0,2) supersymmetry. We study the string of a finite length $L$ assuming compactification on a cylinder (periodic boundary conditions). The world-sheet theory is solved in the large-$N$ approximation. We find a rich phase structure in the $(L, \,u)$ plane where $u$ is a deformation parameter. At large $L$ and intermediate $u$ we find a phase with broken $Z_{2N}$ symmetry, $N$ vacua and a mass gap. At large values of $L$ and $u$ still larger we have the $Z_{2N}$-symmetric phase with a single vacuum and massless fermions. In both phases N=(0,2) supersymmetry is spontaneously broken. We also observe a phase with broken SU$(N)\;$ symmetry at small $L$. In the latter phase the mass gap vanishes and the vacuum energy is zero in the leading $1/N$ approximation. However, we expect that $1/N$ corrections will break N=(0,2) supersymmetry. We also discuss how this rich phase structure matches the N=(2,2) limit in which the world-sheet theory has a single phase with the mass gap independent of $L$.