Biomimetic race model of the loop between the superior colliculus and the basal ganglia: Subcortical selection of saccade targets

TL;DR

This paper presents a biomimetic race model of the subcortical loop between the superior colliculus and basal ganglia, explaining saccade target selection and related phenomena through a dynamic, population-coded framework.

Contribution

It introduces a novel biomimetic model that captures the stochastic selection process and explains the Remote Distractor Effect via basal ganglia circuitry rather than collicular inhibition.

Findings

Model reproduces stochastic target selection based on stimulus discriminability.

Explains Remote Distractor Effect through basal ganglia lateral connectivity.

Suggests a role for intermediate superior colliculus layers as stochastic integrators.

Abstract

The Superior Colliculus, a laminar structure involved in the retinotopic mapping of the visual field, plays a cardinal role in the several cortical and subcortical loops of the saccadic system. Although the selection of saccade targets has long been thought to be the sole product of cortical processes, a growing body of evidence hints at the implication of the Superior Colliculus, firstly by the lateral connections between the neurons of its maps, and secondly by its interactions with the midbrain Basal Ganglia, already renowned for their role in decision making. We propose a biomimetic population-coded race model of selection based on a dynamic tecto-basal loop that reproduces the observed ability of the Superior Colliculus to stochastically select between similar stimuli, the accuracy of this selection depending on the discriminability of the target and the distractors. Our model also offers an explanation for the phenomenon of Remote Distractor Effect based on the lateral connectivity within the Basal Ganglia circuitry rather than on lateral inhibitions within the collicular maps. Finally, we propose a role for the intermediate layers of the Superior Colliculus, as stochastic integrators dynamically gated by the selective disinhibition of the Basal Ganglia channels that is consistent with the recorded activity profiles of these neurons.