AGN Coronal Emission models I. The Predicted Radio Emission

TL;DR

This paper models the radio emission from AGN coronae, showing how synchrotron and cyclo-synchrotron processes can produce observed spectra, and predicts spectral features that can be tested with VLBI observations.

Contribution

It introduces detailed models of AGN coronal radio emission, linking spectral features to coronal properties and configurations, advancing understanding of RQ AGN radio sources.

Findings

Flat spectrum can originate from corona extending to parsec scales.

Spectral break around 300-1000 GHz indicates optically thin transition.

Energy density in corona scales with radius as R^{-1.3} (disc) or R^{-2} (sphere).

Abstract

Accretion discs in AGN may be associated with coronal gas, as suggested by their X-ray emission. Stellar coronal emission includes radio emission, and AGN corona may also be a significant source for radio emission in radio quiet (RQ) AGN. We calculate the coronal properties required to produce the observed radio emission in RQ AGN, either from synchrotron emission of power-law (PL) electrons, or from cyclo-synchrotron emission of hot mildly-relativistic thermal electrons. We find that a flat spectrum, as observed in about half of RQ AGN, can be produced by corona with a disc or a spherical configuration, which extends from the innermost regions out to a pc scale. A spectral break to an optically thin power-law emission is expected around 300-1000 GHz, as the innermost corona becomes optically thin. In case of thermal electrons, a sharp spectral cutoff is expected above the break. The position of the break can be measured with VLBI observations, which exclude the cold dust emission, and it can be used to probe the properties of the innermost corona. Assuming equipartition of the coronal thermal energy density, the PL electrons energy density, and the magnetic field, we find that the energy density in a disc corona should scale as $\sim R^{-1.3}$, to get a flat spectrum. In the spherical case the energy density scales as $\sim R^{-2}$, and is $\sim 4\times 10^{-4}$ of the AGN radiation energy density. In paper II we derive additional constraints on the coronal parameters from the Gudel-Benz relation, $L_{\rm Radio}/L_{\rm X-ray}\sim 10^{-5}$, which RQ AGN follow.