Stimulated Black Hole Evaporation

TL;DR

This paper predicts that external stimulation at a specific mass rate can induce rapid evaporation of black holes, leading to observable spectral emissions and potential explosions within cosmic timescales.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism where external mass accretion stimulates black hole evaporation, providing testable predictions for observational verification.

Findings

Black holes can be rapidly evaporated by external stimulation.

Stimulated evaporation leads to observable spectral lines.

Predicted explosions occur within tens of millions of years for certain black holes.

Abstract

Black holes are extreme expressions of gravity. Their existence is predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity and is supported by observations. Black holes obey quantum mechanics and evaporate spontaneously. Here it is shown that a mass rate $R_f\sim 3\times 10^{-8} (M_0/M)^{1/2}$ $M_0$ yr$^{-1}$ onto the horizon of a black hole with mass $M$ (in units of solar mass $M_0$) stimulates a black hole into rapid evaporation. Specifically, $\sim 3 M_0$ black holes can emit a large fraction of their mass, and explode, in $M/R_f \sim 3\times 10^7 (M/M_0)^{3/2}$ yr. These stimulated black holes radiate a spectral line power $P \sim 2\times 10^{39} (M_0/M)^{1/2}$ erg s$^{-1}$, at a wavelength $\lambda \sim 3\times 10^5 (M/M_0)$ cm. This prediction can be observationally verified.