From Prigogine to Raychaudhuri

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the universal behaviors of entropy production rate decreasing and reaching a minimum at steady state, observed in thermodynamics, also apply to black hole entropy, suggesting a universal aspect of holographic gravity.

Contribution

It extends the universal behaviors of entropy production to black hole thermodynamics using Raychaudhuri equation, indicating gravity's universality beyond AdS/CFT.

Findings

Entropy production rate decreases towards steady state.

Entropy production rate reaches minimum at steady state.

Black hole entropy exhibits similar universal behaviors.

Abstract

It is highlighted by Prigogine that there are two additional universal behaviors associated with the entropy production rate besides the four laws of thermodynamics. One is that the entropy production rate decreases when the system approaches the steady state, and the other is that the entropy production rate reaches its minimal value at the steady state. Motivated by the black hole thermodynamics and AdS/CFT correspondence, we resort to Raychaudhuri equation to prove that these two universal behaviors are also obeyed by the black hole entropy. In particular, our result together with the four laws of black hole thermodynamics further indicates that the holographic gravity should be universal, not restricted only within the context of AdS/CFT correspondence.