Development of Fast High-Resolution Muon Drift-Tube Detectors for High Counting Rates

TL;DR

This paper presents the development and testing of high-resolution, fast muon drift-tube detectors with smaller diameters to handle higher counting rates in high-energy physics experiments, specifically for the ATLAS muon spectrometer.

Contribution

It introduces a new design of 15 mm diameter drift-tube chambers that achieve faster response times and higher rate capabilities for the ATLAS detector upgrade.

Findings

Drift-tube diameter reduction decreases maximum drift time from 700 ns to 200 ns.

Prototype chambers with 15 mm tubes demonstrate operation at rates up to 1.85 MHz.

Achieved sense wire positioning accuracy of 20 microns in the prototype.

Abstract

Pressurized drift-tube chambers are efficient detectors for high-precision tracking over large areas. The Monitored Drift-Tube (MDT) chambers of the muon spectrometer of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reach a spatial resolution of 35 micons and almost 100% tracking efficiency with 6 layers of 30 mm diameter drift tubes operated with Ar:CO2 (93:7) gas mixture at 3 bar and a gas gain of 20000. The ATLAS MDT chambers are designed to cope with background counting rates due to neutrons and gamma-rays of up to about 300 kHz per tube which will be exceeded for LHC luminosities larger than the design value of 10-34 per square cm and second. Decreasing the drift-tube diameter to 15 mm while keeping the other parameters, including the gas gain, unchanged reduces the maximum drift time from about 700 ns to 200 ns and the drift-tube occupancy by a factor of 7. New drift-tube chambers for the endcap regions of the ATLAS muon spectrometer have been designed. A prototype chamber consisting of 12 times 8 layers of 15 mm diameter drift tubes of 1 m length has been constructed with a sense wire positioning accuracy of 20 microns. The 15 mm diameter drift-tubes have been tested with cosmic rays in the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN at counting rates of up to 1.85 MHz.