Centrality dependence of midrapidity density from GeV to TeV heavy-ion collisions in the effective-energy universality picture of hadroproduction

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the midrapidity density of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions varies with centrality across energies from 20 GeV to 5 TeV, using an effective-energy approach that unifies different collision types.

Contribution

It introduces a unified effective-energy framework combining constituent quark models and hydrodynamics to describe multihadron production across collision systems and energies.

Findings

The model accurately describes centrality dependence of particle density.

Multihadron production shows similarity across different collision types.

Effective energy scaling unifies proton-proton and heavy-ion collision data.

Abstract

The dependence on centrality, or on the number of nucleon participants, of the midrapidity density of charged particles measured in heavy-ion collisions at the collision energy of about 20 GeV at RHIC to the highest LHC energy of 5 TeV is investigated within the recently proposed effective-energy approach. This approach relates multihadron production in different types of collisions by combining, under the proper scaling of the collision energy, the constituent quark picture with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics. The measurements are shown to be well described based on the similarity of multihadron production process in (anti)proton-proton interactions and heavy-ion collisions driven by the centrality-dependent effective energy of participants.