One-dimensional multicomponent Fermi gas in a trap: quantum Monte Carlo study

TL;DR

This study uses quantum Monte Carlo methods to explore the ground-state properties of a one-dimensional multicomponent Fermi gas in a trap, revealing fermionization behavior and deriving analytical expressions for weak interactions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed quantum Monte Carlo analysis of multicomponent Fermi gases in 1D, including new insights into fermionization and analytical solutions for weak interactions.

Findings

System fermionizes at strong interactions

Derived analytical expressions for weak interactions

Analyzed evolution of energy, contact, and correlation functions

Abstract

One-dimensional world is very unusual as there is an interplay between quantum statistics and geometry, and a strong short-range repulsion between atoms mimics Fermi exclusion principle, fermionizing the system. Instead, a system with a large number of components with a single atom in each, on the opposite acquires many bosonic properties. We study the ground-state properties a multi-component Fermi gas trapped in a harmonic trap by fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo method. We investigate how the energetic properties (energy, contact) and correlation functions (density profile and momentum distribution) evolve as the number of components is changed. It is shown that the system fermionizes in the limit of strong interactions. Analytical expression are derived in the limit of weak interactions within the local density approximation for arbitrary number of components and for one plus one particle using an exact solution.