Monolayer MXenes: promising half-metals and spin gapless semiconductors

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to reveal that certain monolayer MXenes exhibit promising half-metallic and spin gapless semiconducting properties, making them potential candidates for spintronic devices.

Contribution

It demonstrates for the first time that monolayer Ti2C and Ti2N can intrinsically exhibit nearly half-metallic ferromagnetism and spin gapless semiconducting behavior under strain.

Findings

Ti2C and Ti2N show nearly half-metallic ferromagnetism.

Strain induces phase transitions to half-metal and spin gapless semiconductor.

Structures are stable according to formation energy and phonon spectrum.

Abstract

Half-metals and spin gapless semiconductors are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to the complete (100%) spin polarization of electrons around the Fermi level. Based on recent experimental and theoretical findings of graphene-like monolayer transition metal carbides and nitrides (also known as MXenes), we demonstrate from first-principles calculations that monolayer Ti2C and Ti2N exhibit nearly half-metallic ferromagnetism with the magnetic moments of 1.91 and 1.00 UB per formula unit, respectively, while monolayer V2C is a metal with instable antiferromagnetism, and monolayer V2N is a nonmagnetic metal. Interestingly, under a biaxial strain, there is a phase transition from nearly half-metal to truly half-metal, spin gapless semiconductor, and metal for monolayer Ti2C. Monolayer Ti2N is still a nearly half-metal under a proper biaxial strain. Large magnetic moments can be induced by the biaxial tensile and compressive strains for monolayer V2C and V2N, respectively. We also show that the structures of these four monolayer MXenes are stable according to the calculated formation energy and phonon spectrum. Our investigations suggest that, unlike monolayer graphene, monolayer MXenes Ti2C and Ti2N without vacancy, doping or external electric field exhibit intrinsic magnetism, especially the half-metallic ferromagnetism and spin gapless semiconductivity, which will stimulate further studies on possible spintronic applications for new two-dimensional materials of MXenes.