Black holes and information: A new take on an old paradox

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent developments in the black hole information paradox, highlighting how ER=EPR and final-state solutions are unified perspectives within the observer complementarity framework.

Contribution

It demonstrates that ER=EPR and final-state solutions are essentially equivalent, viewed from inside and outside the black hole, unifying different approaches to the paradox.

Findings

ER=EPR and final-state solutions are equivalent under observer complementarity

Unified perspective resolves the conflict between quantum entanglement and the equivalence principle

Highlights the role of observer perspective in black hole information paradox

Abstract

Interest in the black hole information paradox has recently been catalyzed by the newer "firewall" argument. The crux of the updated argument is that previous solutions which relied on observer complementarity are in violation of the quantum condition of monogamy of entanglement; with the prescribed remedy being to discard the equivalence principle in favor of an energy barrier (or firewall) at the black hole horizon. Differing points of view have been put forward, including the "ER=EPR" counterargument and the final-state solution, both of which can be viewed as potential resolutions to the apparent conflict between quantum monogamy and Einstein equivalence. After reviewing these recent developments, this paper argues that the ER=EPR and final-state solutions can -- thanks to observer complementarity -- be seen as the same resolution of the paradox but from two different perspectives: inside and outside the black hole.