Studying the evolution of galaxies in compact groups over the past 3 Gyr - II. The importance of environment in the suppression of star formation

TL;DR

This study analyzes how galaxy properties in compact groups have evolved over the past 3 billion years, highlighting the significant reduction in star formation and the role of environment, shocks, and turbulence in this process.

Contribution

It provides the largest multi-wavelength dataset to date for compact groups and reveals new insights into the mechanisms suppressing star formation, including shocks and turbulence.

Findings

Star formation in compact group galaxies has decreased 3-10 times over 3 Gyr.

Galaxies spend more time in the green valley compared to field and cluster galaxies.

Shocks and turbulence are important in star formation suppression.

Abstract

We present an in depth study on the evolution of galaxy properties in compact groups over the past 3 Gyr. We are using the largest multi-wavelength sample to-date, comprised 1770 groups (containing 7417 galaxies), in the redshift range of 0.01<z<0.23. To derive the physical properties of the galaxies we rely on ultraviolet (UV)-to-infrared spectral energy distribution modeling, using CIGALE. Our results suggest that during the 3 Gyr period covered by our sample, the star formation activity of galaxies in our groups has been substantially reduced (3-10 times). Moreover, their star formation histories as well as their UV-optical and mid-infrared colors are significantly different from those of field and cluster galaxies, indicating that compact group galaxies spend more time transitioning through the green valley. The morphological transformation from late-type spirals into early-type galaxies occurs in the mid-infrared transition zone rather than in the UV-optical green valley. We find evidence of shocks in the emission line ratios and gas velocity dispersions of the late-type galaxies located below the star forming main sequence. Our results suggest that in addition to gas stripping, turbulence and shocks might play an important role in suppressing the star formation in compact group galaxies.