Mathematical modeling of T-cells activation dynamics for CD3 molecules recycling process

TL;DR

This paper develops a mathematical model using population balance equations to study how recycled CD3 proteins influence T-cell activation dynamics, validated by numerical and analytical solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel population balance model for T-cell activation that incorporates recycled CD3 proteins and applies an efficient numerical method for analysis.

Findings

Recycled CD3 proteins significantly affect T-cell activation thresholds.

The proposed model accurately predicts CD3 surface concentration dynamics.

Numerical validation confirms the model's effectiveness.

Abstract

The down regulation of CD3 protein present on the surface of a T-cell triggers the process of activation. A rapid decrease of CD3 from the surface is required to reach the threshold that is necessary for the continuation of the activation process. By flow cytometry technique, it is well established that an amount of down regulated CD3 proteins recycle and may come on the surface of T-cell. This article is dedicated to study the impact of recycled CD3 protein that is recruited into the immune synapse at different rates. The population density of T-cells is distributed over surface protein (CD3) concentration under the framework of population balance models by using coupled system of PDEs. Such problems need non-conventional population balance modeling so that classical numerical technique can be applied. A recently developed efficient numerical method is validated against the analytical and numerical solutions.