Static and rotating universal horizons and black holes in gravitational theories with broken Lorentz invariance

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the existence of static and rotating universal horizons and black holes in Lorentz-violating gravitational theories, including in the ultraviolet regime, through exact solutions in (2+1)-dimensional projectable Hořava gravity.

Contribution

It provides the first explicit solutions showing universal horizons in both low and high energy scales within a power-counting renormalizable Lorentz-violating gravity theory.

Findings

Universal horizons exist in UV and IR regimes.

Exact solutions for static and rotating black holes are constructed.

Universal horizons are present in (2+1)-dimensional Hořava gravity.

Abstract

In this paper, we show the existence of static and rotating universal horizons and black holes in gravitational theories with the broken Lorentz invariance. We pay particular attention on the ultraviolet regime, and show that universal horizons and black holes exist not only in low energy scales but also in the UV scales. This is realized by presenting various static and stationary exact solutions of the full theory of the projectable Ho\v{r}ava gravity with an extra U(1) symmetry in (2+1)-dimensions, which, by construction, is power-counting renormalizable.