Clumpy wind accretion in supergiant neutron star high mass X-ray binaries

TL;DR

This study simulates the accretion of stellar wind onto neutron stars in high mass X-ray binaries, revealing how magnetic and centrifugal effects influence X-ray luminosity and transient behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces the first simulation of wind accretion onto neutron stars considering magnetic and centrifugal gating effects, linking these to observed X-ray variability.

Findings

Magnetic and centrifugal gating significantly reduce average X-ray luminosity.

Long neutron star spin periods and strong magnetic fields are key to transient behaviors.

Model reproduces qualitative features of observed X-ray lightcurves.

Abstract

The accretion of the stellar wind material by a compact object represents the main mechanism powering the X-ray emission in classical supergiant high mass X-ray binaries and supergiant fast X-ray transients. In this work we present the first attempt to simulate the accretion process of a fast and dense massive star wind onto a neutron star, taking into account the effects of the centrifugal and magnetic inhibition of accretion ("gating") due to the spin and magnetic field of the compact object. We made use of a radiative hydrodynamical code to model the non-stationary radiatively driven wind of an O-B supergiant star and then place a neutron star characterized by a fixed magnetic field and spin period at a certain distance from the massive companion. Our calculations follow, as a function of time (on a total time scale of several hours), the transition of the system through all different accretion regimes that are triggered by the intrinsic variations in the density and velocity of the non-stationary wind. The X-ray luminosity released by the system is computed at each time step by taking into account the relevant physical processes occurring in the different accretion regimes. Synthetic lightcurves are derived and qualitatively compared with those observed from classical supergiant high mass X-ray binaries and supergiant fast X-ray transients. Although a number of simplifications are assumed in these calculations, we show that taking into account the effects of the centrifugal and magnetic inhibition of accretion significantly reduces the average X-ray luminosity expected for any neutron star wind-fed binary. The present model calculations suggest that long spin periods and stronger magnetic fields are favoured in order to reproduce the peculiar behavior of supergiant fast X-ray transients in the X-ray domain.