A characteristic 2 recurrence related to $U_3$, with a Hecke algebra application

TL;DR

This paper proves a recurrence relation for certain modular form coefficients and demonstrates that the associated Hecke algebra is a power series ring in two operators, revealing structural insights into modular forms of level 3 mod 2.

Contribution

It introduces a new recurrence relation for modular form coefficients and shows the Hecke algebra for a specific space is a power series ring in two operators.

Findings

Recurrence relation for coefficients $C_{n}$ in $Z/2[[t]]$

Hecke algebra for the space $K$ is a power series ring in $T_7$ and $T_{13}$

Basis of $K$ is adapted to Hecke operators $T_7$ and $T_{13}$

Abstract

I begin with a simple modular form motivated proof of the following: Let $C_{n}$ in $Z/2[[t]]$ be defined by $C_{n+4} = C_{n+3} + (t^{4}+t^{3}+t^{2}+t)C_{n} + t^{n}(t^{2}+t)$, with initial values $0$, $1$, $t$ and $t^{2}$ for $C_{0}$, $C_{1}$, $C_{2}$ and $C_{3}$. Then every $C_{4m}$ is a sum of $C_{k}$ with $k<4m$. This, combined with earlier results, yields: If $K$ consists of all mod $2$ modular forms of level $\Gamma_{0}(3)$ annihilated by $U_{2}$ and $U_{3} +I$, then $K$ has a basis adapted (in the sense of Nicolas and Serre) to the Hecke operators $T_{7}$ and $T_{13}$; consequently the Hecke algebra attached to $K$ is a power series ring in these two operators.