The critical geometry of a thermal big bang

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel scalar-tensor cosmological model with a critical geometry that predicts a specific spectral index for scalar fluctuations, suggesting a thermal origin of fluctuations without requiring inflation.

Contribution

It identifies a critical solution in scalar-tensor theories with two non-conformal metrics, leading to a highly predictive cosmological model with unique fluctuation properties.

Findings

Predicts scalar spectral index n_S=0.96478(64)

No gravitational waves produced in the model

Fluctuations originate thermally inside the horizon without inflation

Abstract

We explore the space of scalar-tensor theories containing two non-conformalmetrics, and find a discontinuity pointing to a "critical" cosmological solution. Due to the different maximal speeds of propagation for matter and gravity,the cosmological fluctuations start off inside the horizon even without inflation, and will more naturally have a thermal origin (since there is never vacuum domination). The critical model makes an unambiguous, non-tuned prediction for the spectral index of the scalar fluctuations: $n_S= 0.96478(64)$. Considering also that no gravitational waves are produced, we have unveiled the most predictive model on offer. The model has a simple geometrical interpretation as a probe 3-brane embedded in an $EAdS_2\times E_3$ geometry.