CMB all-scale blackbody distortions induced by linearizing temperature

TL;DR

This paper investigates second-order blackbody distortions in CMB maps caused by linearized temperature assumptions, revealing their impact on measurements of velocity, tSZ, and primordial y-distortions, and discusses how to model and mitigate these effects.

Contribution

It demonstrates that linearization introduces y-type distortions in CMB maps, especially from dipole leakage, and provides a way to model and account for these effects in data analysis.

Findings

High ell distortions mainly from dipole leakage, affecting ell <~ 400.

Estimated signal-to-noise ratio of about 9 for Planck's y-maps.

Frequency-dependent effects do not add new information about the CMB dipole.

Abstract

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, such as WMAP and Planck, measure intensity anisotropies and build maps using a \emph{linearized} formula for relating them to the temperature blackbody fluctuations. However such a procedure also generates a signal in the maps in the form of y-type distortions, and thus degenerate with the thermal SZ (tSZ) effect. These are small effects that arise at second-order in the temperature fluctuations not from primordial physics but from such a limitation of the map-making procedure. They constitute a contaminant for measurements of: our peculiar velocity, the tSZ and of primordial y-distortions, but they can nevertheless be well-modelled and accounted for. We show that the largest distortions arises at high ell from a leakage of the CMB dipole into the y-channel which couples to all multipoles, but mostly affects the range ell <~ 400. This should be visible in Planck's y-maps with an estimated signal-to-noise ratio of about 9. We note however that such frequency-dependent terms carry no new information on the nature of the CMB dipole. This implies that the real significance of Planck's Doppler coupling measurements is actually lower than quoted. Finally, we quantify the relevance of the removal of such effects in order improve future measurements of tSZ and of primordial y-type distortions.