Primordial Magnetic Field Via Weibel Instability In The Quark Gluon Plasma Phase

TL;DR

This paper proposes a mechanism for the generation of primordial magnetic fields in the early universe through Weibel instability triggered by collapsing domain walls in the quark-gluon plasma, resulting in extremely strong magnetic fields.

Contribution

It introduces a novel process involving collapsing Z(3) domain walls and Weibel instability to generate primordial magnetic fields in the early universe.

Findings

Generated magnetic fields can reach strengths of about 10^{18} G.

The mechanism operates during the QCD phase transition.

Magnetic field strengths are comparable to the energy density of the plasma.

Abstract

The origin of the observed large scale magnetic fields in the Universe is a mystery. The seed of these magnetic fields has been attributed to physical process in the early universe. In this work we provide a mechanism for the generation of a primordial magnetic field in the early universe via the Weibel instability in the quark gluon plasma. The Weibel instability occurs in the plasma if there is an anisotropy in the particle distribution function of the particles. In early universe, the velocity anisotropy required for Weibel instability to operate is generated in the quark gluon plasma by the collapse of closed $Z(3)$ domain walls that arise in the deconfined phase of the QCD (above $T\sim 200$ MeV). Such large domains can arise in the context of certain low energy scale inflationary models. The closed domains undergo supersonic collapse and the velocity anisotropy is generated in the shocks produced in the wake of the collapsing domain walls. This results in a two stream Weibel instability in the ultra-relativistic quark gluon plasma. The instability in turn generates strong magnetic fields in the plasma. We find that the field strengths generated can be comparable to the equipartition energy density at the QCD scale which is of the order of $10^{18}$ G.