Cross-connections of the singular transformation semigroup

TL;DR

This paper explores the structure of the singular transformation semigroup using cross-connection theory, showing how permutations induce all cross-connections and characterizing the resulting regular semigroups.

Contribution

It characterizes cross-connections in $Sing(X)$ via permutations and constructs the associated regular semigroups, providing new insights into their structure.

Findings

Every cross-connection is induced by a permutation.

All cross-connection semigroups are isomorphic to $Sing(X)$.

Describes right reductive subsemigroups with specific ideal categories.

Abstract

Cross-connection is a construction of regular semigroups using certain categories called normal categories which are abstractions of the partially ordered sets of principal left (right) ideals of a semigroup. We describe the cross-connections in the semigroup $Sing(X)$ of all non-invertible transformations on a set $X$. The categories involved are characterized as the powerset category $\mathscr{P}(X)$ and the category of partitions $\Pi(X)$. We describe these categories and show how a permutation on $X$ gives rise to a cross-connection. Further we prove that every cross-connection between them is induced by a permutation and construct the regular semigroups that arise from the cross-connections. We show that each of the cross-connection semigroups arising this way is isomorphic to $Sing(X)$. We also describe the right reductive subsemigroups of $Sing(X)$ with the category of principal left ideals isomorphic to $\mathscr{P}(X)$. This study sheds light into the more general theory of cross-connections and also provides an alternate way of studying the structure of $Sing(X)$.