Cornering gapless quantum states via their torus entanglement

TL;DR

This paper investigates the universal entanglement entropy of gapless quantum states on tori, deriving shape-dependent properties, providing explicit formulas for conformal field theories, and demonstrating its potential as a fingerprint for exotic quantum phases.

Contribution

It introduces non-perturbative shape dependence relations for entanglement entropy on tori and provides explicit formulas for CFTs, with numerical validation and applications to quantum spin liquids.

Findings

Derived shape dependence relations for entanglement entropy on tori.

Obtained closed-form expressions for CFTs in 2d/3d.

Numerical results confirm the accuracy of the proposed ansatzes.

Abstract

The entanglement entropy (EE) has emerged as an important window into the structure of complex quantum states of matter. We analyze the universal part of the EE for gapless systems put on tori in 2d/3d, denoted by $\chi$. Focusing on scale invariant systems, we derive general non-perturbative properties for the shape dependence of $\chi$, and reveal surprising relations to the EE associated with corners in the entangling surface. We obtain closed-form expressions for $\chi$ in 2d/3d within a model that arises in the study of conformal field theories (CFTs), and use them to obtain ansatzes without fitting parameters for the 2d/3d free boson CFTs. Our numerical lattice calculations show that the ansatzes are highly accurate. Finally, we discuss how the torus EE can act as a fingerprint of exotic states such as gapless quantum spin liquids, e.g. Kitaev's honeycomb model.