Experimental study of three-wave interactions among capillary-gravity surface waves

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates three-wave interactions among gravity-capillary surface waves, confirming resonance conditions and growth rates, and extends understanding of non-linear wave energy exchanges in laboratory settings.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed experimental verification of three-wave resonance conditions and growth rates for crossing gravity-capillary waves, extending previous collinear wave studies.

Findings

Resonance conditions verified in frequency and wavenumber.

Growth rate of resonant mode estimated and compared with theory.

Results extend previous experiments to crossing wave-trains.

Abstract

In propagating wave systems, three or four-wave resonant interactions constitute a classical non-linear mechanism exchanging energy between the different scales. Here we investigate three-wave interactions for gravity-capillary surface waves in a closed laboratory tank. We generate two crossing wave-trains and we study their interaction. Using two optical methods, a local one (Laser Doppler Vibrometry) and a spatio-temporal one (Diffusive Light Photography), a third wave of smaller amplitude is detected, verifying the three-wave resonance conditions in frequency and in wavenumber. Furthermore, by focusing on the stationary regime and by taking into account viscous dissipation, we directly estimate the growth rate of the resonant mode. The latter is then compared to the predictions of the weakly non-linear triadic resonance interaction theory. The obtained results confirm qualitatively and extend previous experimental results obtained only for collinear wave-trains. Finally, we discuss the relevance of three-wave interaction mechanisms in recent experiments studying gravity-capillary turbulence.