k-Tuple Restrained Domination in Graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces the concept of k-tuple restrained domination in graphs, establishes bounds, and explores properties of related domination numbers and partitions, extending existing domination theory.

Contribution

It defines k-tuple restrained domination, determines its number for various graph classes, and analyzes related domatic properties, advancing the understanding of complex domination parameters.

Findings

Determined k-tuple restrained domination numbers for several graph classes.

Established tight upper bounds for the k-tuple restrained domination number.

Explored properties of the k-tuple restrained domatic number.

Abstract

For $k \ge 1$ an integer, a set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$ with minimum degree at least~$k-1$ is a $k$-tuple dominating set of $G$ if every vertex of $S$ is adjacent to at least $k-1$ vertices in $S$ and every vertex of $V(G) \setminus S$ is adjacent to at least $k$ vertices in $S$; that is, $|N_G[v] \cap S| \ge k$ for every vertex $v$ of $G$ where $N_G[v]$ denotes the closed neighborhood of $v$ which consists of $v$ and all neighbors of $v$. A $k$-tuple restrained dominating set of $G$ is a $k$-tuple dominating set $S$ of $G$ with the additional property that every vertex outside $S$ has at least $k$ neighbors outside $S$. The minimum cardinality of a $k$-tuple restrained dominating set of $G$ is the $k$-tuple restrained domination number of $G$. When $k=1$, the $k$-tuple restrained domination number is the well-studied restrained domination number. In this paper, we determine the $k$-tuple restrained domination number of several classes of graphs. Tight upper bounds on the $k$-tuple restrained domination number of a general graph are established. We present basic properties of the $k$-tuple restrained domatic number of a graph which is the maximum number of the classes of a partition of $V(G)$ into $k$-tuple restrained dominating sets of $G$.