Probing nuclear bubble configuration by the $\pi^{-}/\pi^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how bubble-shaped nuclear configurations influence heavy-ion collision observables, particularly the $rac{}{}$ ratio, using nuclear transport models to identify potential experimental signatures.

Contribution

It introduces a method to probe nuclear bubble structures through the $rac{}{}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions, linking nuclear shape to collision outcomes.

Findings

Bubble configurations lead to central density depletion.

Depletion affects the $rac{}{}$ ratio in collisions.

Transport model simulations show observable differences.

Abstract

It is theoretically and experimentally argued that there may exist bubble or toroid-shaped configurations in some nucleus systems. Based on the nuclear transport model, it is shown that compared with the collision of normal nuclei, there is a depletion of central density of compression with bubble configurations in projectile and target nuclei. This depletion of central compression density may affect some observables in heavy-ion collisions.