Chrono CDI: Coherent diffractive imaging of time-evolving samples

TL;DR

Chrono CDI enhances time resolution in coherent diffractive imaging by integrating entire measurement series into phase retrieval, enabling faster imaging of dynamic nanoscale processes and radiation-sensitive samples.

Contribution

This work introduces chrono CDI, a novel method that reduces oversampling requirements by incorporating the full measurement time series into phase retrieval.

Findings

Improved temporal resolution by a factor of 2 to 20.

Allows imaging of faster nanoscale dynamics.

Reduces radiation dose for sensitive samples.

Abstract

Bragg coherent x-ray diffractive imaging is a powerful technique for investigating dynamic nanoscale processes in nanoparticles immersed in reactive, realistic environments. Its temporal resolution is limited, however, by the oversampling requirements of 3D phase retrieval. Here we show that incorporating the entire measurement time series, which is typically a continuous physical process, into phase retrieval allows the oversampling requirement at each time step to be reduced leading to a subsequent improvement in the temporal resolution by a factor of 2 to 20 times. The increased time resolution will allow imaging of faster dynamics and of radiation dose sensitive samples. This approach, which we call "chrono CDI", may find use in improving time resolution in other imaging techniques.