Reptilings and space-filling curves for acute triangles

TL;DR

This paper investigates the possibility of creating face-continuous space-filling curves from reptilings of acute triangles, concluding that such curves cannot be constructed based on reptilings of these triangles.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of reptilings and gentilings of acute triangles and proves the impossibility of forming face-continuous space-filling curves from them.

Findings

No face-continuous space-filling curve can be based on reptilings of acute triangles.

Properties of reptilings of acute triangles are characterized.

The study extends understanding of space-filling curves and geometric dissections.

Abstract

An $r$-gentiling is a dissection of a shape into $r \geq 2$ parts which are all similar to the original shape. An $r$-reptiling is an $r$-gentiling of which all parts are mutually congruent. By applying gentilings recursively, together with a rule that defines an order on the parts, one may obtain an order in which to traverse all points within the original shape. We say such a traversal is a face-continuous space-filling curve if, at any level of recursion, the interior of the union of any set of consecutive parts is connected---that is, consecutive parts must always meet along an edge. Most famously, the isosceles right triangle admits a 2-reptiling, which forms the basis of the face-continuous Sierpinski space-filling curve; many other right triangles admit reptilings and gentilings that yield face-continuous space-filling curves as well. In this study we investigate what acute triangles admit non-trivial reptilings and gentilings, and whether these can form the basis for face-continuous space-filling curves. We derive several properties of reptilings and gentilings of acute (sometimes also obtuse) triangles, leading to the following conclusion: no face-continuous space-filling curve can be constructed on the basis of reptilings of acute triangles.