An OH(1720 MHz) Maser and a Nonthermal Radio Source in Sgr B2(M): A SNR--Molecular Cloud Interaction Site?

TL;DR

This study reports the detection of an OH(1720 MHz) maser and a nonthermal radio source in Sgr B2(M), indicating a possible supernova remnant interaction with a molecular cloud, which influences high-energy emissions in the region.

Contribution

First detection of an OH(1720 MHz) maser without main line counterparts in Sgr B2(M), suggesting a SNR-molecular cloud interaction site in the Galactic center.

Findings

Detection of OH(1720 MHz) maser coinciding with a nonthermal radio source.

Evidence of SNR-molecular cloud interaction in Sgr B2(M).

Enhanced cosmic-ray ionization and gamma-ray emission linked to the interaction.

Abstract

Sgr B2 is a well-known star forming molecular cloud complex in the Galactic center region showing evidence of high energy activity as traced by the K$\alpha$ neutral FeI line at 6.4 keV, as well as GeV and TeV $\gamma$-ray emission. Here we present VLA and GMRT observations with respective resolutions of $\approx3.5"\times1.2"$ and 25$"\times25"$ and report the detection of an OH(1720 MHz) maser, with no accompanying OH 1665, 1667 and 1612 MHz maser emission. The maser coincides with a 150 MHz nonthermal radio source in Sgr B2(M). This rare class of OH(1720 MHz) masers or the so-called supernova remnant (SNR) masers, with no main line transitions, trace shocked gas and signal the interaction of an expanding SNR with a molecular cloud. We interpret the 150 MHz radio source as either the site of a SNR -- molecular gas interaction or a wind-wind collision in a massive binary system. The interaction of the molecular cloud and the nonthermal source enhances the cosmic-ray ionization rate, allows the diffusion of cosmic rays into the cloud and produces the variable 6.4 keV line, GeV and TeV $\gamma$-ray emission from Sgr B2(M). The cosmic ray electron interaction with the gas in the Galactic center can not only explain the measured high values of cosmic ray ionization and heating rates but also contribute to nonthermal bremsstrahlung continuum emission, all of which are consistent with observations.