Optical and Transport Properties in 3D Dirac and Weyl Semimetals

TL;DR

This paper investigates the optical and transport properties of 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals using a Kubo formalism, highlighting differences at charge neutrality, temperature effects, and distinctions between Weyl types.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of dc and ac responses in 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals, emphasizing the effects of scattering, temperature, and symmetry breaking on their optical and transport behaviors.

Findings

Zero-temperature dc conductivity depends on scattering models.

Wiedemann-Franz law is violated at higher temperatures.

Distinct optical conductivity features differentiate Weyl semimetal types.

Abstract

Within a Kubo formalism, we study dc transport and ac optical properties of 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Emphasis is placed on the approach to charge neutrality and on the differences between Dirac and Weyl materials. At charge neutrality, the zero-temperature limit of the dc conductivity is not universal and also depends on the residual scattering model employed. However, the Lorenz number L retains its usual value L_0. With increasing temperature, the Wiedemann-Franz law is violated. At high temperatures, L exhibits a new plateau at a value dependent on the details of the scattering rate. Such details can also appear in the optical conductivity, both in the Drude response and interband background. In the clean limit, the interband background is linear in photon energy and always extrapolates to the origin. This background can be shifted to the right through the introduction of a massless gap. In this case, the extrapolation can cut the axis at a finite photon energy as is observed in some experiments. It is also of interest to differentiate between the two types of Weyl semimetals: those with broken time-reversal symmetry and those with broken spatial-inversion symmetry. We show that, while the former will follow the same behaviour as the 3D Dirac semimetals, for the zero magnetic field properties discussed here, the latter type will show a double step in the optical conductivity at finite doping and a single absorption edge at charge neutrality. The Drude conductivity is always finite in this case, even at charge neutrality.