Major Substructure in the M31 Outer Halo: Distances and Metallicities along the Giant Stellar Stream

TL;DR

This study uses a new algorithm to analyze the Giant Stellar Stream in M31, revealing detailed distance, metallicity, and RGB width variations along the stream and nearby structures, providing higher resolution data than previous studies.

Contribution

Introduces a novel fitting algorithm for RGB analysis, enabling detailed mapping of distances and metallicities in M31's stellar streams with improved resolution.

Findings

Confirmed a 20 kpc per degree distance gradient along the stream.

Metallicity increases then decreases along the stream, indicating complex stellar populations.

RGB width varies significantly, reflecting changes in stellar population properties.

Abstract

We present a renewed look at M31's Giant Stellar Stream along with the nearby structures Stream C and Stream D, exploiting a new algorithm capable of fitting to the red giant branch (RGB) of a structure in both colour and magnitude space. Using this algorithm, we are able to generate probability distributions in distance, metallicity and RGB width for a series of subfields spanning these structures. Specifically, we confirm a distance gradient of approximately 20 kpc per degree along a 6 degree extension of the Giant Stellar Stream, with the farthest subfields from M31 lying ~ 120 kpc more distant than the inner-most subfields. Further, we find a metallicity that steadily increases from -0.7^{+0.1}_{-0.1} dex to -0.2^{+0.2}_{-0.1} dex along the inner half of the stream before steadily dropping to a value of -1.0^{+0.2}_{-0.2} dex at the farthest reaches of our coverage. The RGB width is found to increase rapidly from 0.4^{+0.1}_{-0.1} dex to 1.1^{+0.2}_{-0.1} dex in the inner portion of the stream before plateauing and decreasing marginally in the outer subfields of the stream. In addition, we estimate Stream C to lie at a distance between 794 and 862 kpc and Stream D between 758 kpc and 868 kpc. We estimate the median metallicity of Stream C to lie in the range -0.7 to -1.6 dex and a metallicity of -1.1^{+0.3}_{-0.2} dex for Stream D. RGB widths for the two structures are estimated to lie in the range 0.4 to 1.2 dex and 0.3 to 0.7 dex respectively. In total, measurements are obtained for 19 subfields along the Giant Stellar Stream, 4 along Stream C, 5 along Stream D and 3 general M31 spheroid fields for comparison. We thus provide a higher resolution coverage of the structures in these parameters than has previously been available in the literature.